Figure 3 shows a representation of a section of a permanent magnet stepper motor. The drawbacks of this solution is that it has a lower speed and a lower resolution compared to the other types. This means the motor will resist, even if not very strongly, to a change of position regardless of whether a coil is energized. This solution guarantees a good torque and also a detent torque. Permanent magnet rotor: The rotor is a permanent magnet that aligns with the magnetic field generated by the stator circuit.Rotorįor a stepper motor, there are basically three types of rotors: As a matter of fact, not all stepper motors have the same internal structure (or construction), as there are different rotor and stator configurations. The performance of a stepper motor - both in terms of resolution (or step size), speed, and torque - is influenced by construction details, which at the same time may also affect how the motor can be controlled. Learn about common DC motor drive usage scenarios In the pictures, the colors of the stator teeth indicate the direction of the magnetic field generated by the stator winding. The same happens when coil C is energized. When coil B is energized, the rotor rotates clockwise by 60° to align with the new magnetic field. At the beginning, coil A is energized and the rotor is aligned with the magnetic field it produces. Figure 2 shows a representation of the working principle. By supplying different phases in sequence, the rotor can be rotated by a specific amount to reach the desired final position. The basic working principle of the stepper motor is the following: By energizing one or more of the stator phases, a magnetic field is generated by the current flowing in the coil and the rotor aligns with this field. Figure 1 shows a drawing representing the section of the motor is shown, where the rotor is a variable-reluctance iron core.įigure 1: Cross-Section of a Stepper Motor We will dive deeper into the different rotor structures later. On the stator, there are teeth on which coils are wired, while the rotor is either a permanent magnet or a variable reluctance iron core. Stepper Motor Working PrinciplesĪs all with electric motors, stepper motors have a stationary part (the stator) and a moving part (the rotor). This feature also makes it fit for a wide range of applications. This feature is obtained thanks to the internal structure of the motor, and allows to know the exact angular position of the shaft by simply counting how may steps have been performed, with no need for a sensor. Stepper Motor BasicsĪ stepper motor is an electric motor whose main feature is that its shaft rotates by performing steps, that is, by moving by a fixed amount of degrees. You will learn about the working principles, construction, control methods, uses, and types of stepper motors, as well as its advantages and disadvantages. In this article, we will cover the basics of stepper motors. Lattice Semiconductor Reference Designs.Switching Converters and Controllers AECQ Grade.BLDC Pre Drivers and Integrated Solutions.Digital Isolators with Integrated Power.Multi Phase Controllers & Intelli-Phase.
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